Painting and Sculpture
Following the painting as an empirical object and the tactile in the development of subject and form, this week we return to the dialogue between the arts. Painting and sculpture both belong to the realm of the academy of arts. Trade, approximation and distance between these two artistic practices reflect an attempt at ranking. This builds on the experience of the work and to convene sensory consistency. Indeed, the sense of touch state many, many times considered superior to that of sight. If the eye can be deceived, the hand is an element of truth. And sculpture presents itself as a practice more likely. The relationship between painting and sculpture led both practices to share and watch what the other does. Academic training crystallize these exchanges within the Royal Academy of paintings and sculptures learning begins by drawing from sculpture.
As part of the lecture series "space, time and sensory" dialogue and exchanges between painting and sculpture reflect research and developments facing the space-time sensory. Too often opposing, both artistic practices are nevertheless closely linked. Whether as a source of inspiration for the painted designs, or as questioning the quality of likelihood of sculpture, that the issue be lit in a certain volume in painting, and its developments in the Western academic culture. This conference will not be back on the many existing developments in the historiography of his trade. This is quite the contrary to observe how the retrieval vocabularies belonging to one of the few areas specifically modified the evolution of the other.
Even before the Renaissance, the dialogue between painting and sculpture is present. In Lorenzo Veneziano, like many Venetian artists, trade with the sculptors are important. Development of a three-dimensional spatiality, the Venetian artist uses a sham, this great piece of gold fabric stretched behind Christ and the Virgin of the central panel. To increase the projection of the holy figures in space of the viewer, it hangs on the carved frame that surrounds the panel. The framework is part of the work, physically projecting element, it reinforces a link between materiality and the painted space and real space. The framework is an element of ornamentation which in Lorenzo becomes a physical element of intercession between the image and the devotee. The three-dimensionality of sculpture and its accessibility Touch can be considered a practical and accessible to the devotees. The use and dialogue between the painter and sculptor makes a strengthening of the intercession of reconciliation between subject and viewer.
This dialogue between painting and sculpture as we find among primitive Touraine. Angels Bueil show a softening of forms and data style of sculpture in Touraine. This development is a result of the same factors established in painting. The work painted as sculptural works are subject to the same stylistic variations. The advent of innovative painting as art can not be done in a dialogue with the sculpture.
At the Renaissance, the desire to get closer to the classical models generates a dependency relationship of painting vis-à-vis the sculpture. Indeed, the only obvious traces in the fifteenth century antiques are items carved. The painter, invited to join the old in composition, is must observe the sculpture, to record his vocabulary to integrate it into its composition. The Risen Christ by Mantegna reflects this recovery. The lame and the torso are just switching from one language into a sculptural pictorial vocabulary. We know that to his torso Mantegna was inspired by a carved work of Donatello. The posture is not an invention of the artist but became a symbol of a vocabulary iconography. This integration of a vocabulary ancient carved painting allows the latter to propose an increase in its nature. Dialogue with the ancient is for the arts in the emergence of a humanistic culture and pre-academic way of working works from nature, that is to say that the beauty of this past period and accuracy of the representation of body. It is amazing to understand so that the resumption of an artistic model for the painter is the way to bring an image considered more natural.
These exchanges between the two artistic practices do not involve a simple discussion of art for art on the contrary to a quality of a renewal of the vocabulary game on a more beautiful and natural. By the testimony of the culture of the artist, the dialogue between sculpture and painting in the Renaissance is a commitment to accuracy and representation of reality. There is a paradox, the artist is closer to a beauty "ideal" must be guided by an artificial model for the viewer to appreciate its natural verisimilitude. The monumentality of the masses and the posture of the Risen Christ supports an iconography of power and relative power. The sculpture, a hangover from ancient times, appears to be unique visual vocabulary that has survived the centuries to come to artists. If the paint is a temporal art sculpture appears to be an eternal art. In reconsidering the status of painting, its rapprochement with the sculpture gives it a superior character.
In Flanders, the dialogue between sculpture and painting is very different. The reconciliation between the two practices is theoretically similar to the Italian foundations. Yet the sources are carved very different. The Gothic architecture and sculpture are the main models of Flemish painters. In the Virgin and Child, the architecture serves as a background figure trefoil openings referring directly a Gothic style. It is the same for this altar where the central panel shows a Madonna and Child enthroned in a huge gothic building.
The debate between painting and sculpture will change with the desire to claim status liberal arts practice. Art wants to be more mental than manual. Painting, video work, seems to correspond better to the vocation of reverie and reflection as sculpture, tactile book. If, as we discussed last week, touch is a stronger likelihood, the work to generate a reflection, a painted figure may be considered superior to a figurative sculpture.
In the Holy Family by Caravaggio, this Christ stripped the entire sculptural pallor is a claim by a certain softness of her flesh of sweetness and sensuality that can cause the paint under the sculpture . The imbalance caused by use of a lame reference to a principle of Mass carved, but painted here by its interpretation, offers a more convincing incarnation and interpretation. The organization of the tight group in this framework without any other information space that the marble plaque on which it is based shows a continuing dialogue between sculpture and painting. Thus grouped, the protagonists all seem physically linked as a bas-relief sculpture, the chiaroscuro effect of reinforcing this protrusion observable in sculpture. The color and vocabulary of painting gives this performance a sense, a dramatic top.
The founding of the Royal Academy of paintings and sculptures in 1648, this debate between the two artistic practices, offers a hypothetical hierarchy. The sculpture is the starting point of any paint job. New dialogue with antiquity through the switch a sculptural vocabulary to a pictorial vocabulary. The artist must even if it is attached to a painted practice to refer to this ancient and the monumentality of sculpture. The reception piece Lycas Hercules throwing overboard of Michelangelo Houasse portrayed in its composition a concentration on the group composed of the two protagonists. This focus on the representation of the body led to artist's sculptural structure. The mass and position of Hercules are obviously from the artist's claim of his knowledge of sculpture. Looking good, we can consider that beyond the few Details of landscape or of fleeing satyr, the table is a transposition Houasse sculptural.
In the reception piece by Jean-Marc Nattier, assisted by Minerva, Perseus petrified Phineus and his companions, we find this same report and the same comparison. Sculptures and bas-reliefs of the ancient architecture of the background matches the soldiers in the foreground. Petrification allows the artist to demonstrate some leadership in the representation of flesh painting. The dialogue here is evident when one observes the body of Phineus. The torso and head are petrified her legs are not. In this game of comparing figuration of the body, Nattier reflects a debate increasingly important to the representation of the incarnation. Petrified soldiers of the left are still those of flesh from the right side. The gray stone match skin tones of dead bodies to living bodies. These variations in color allows the artist to visually show his great technical ability.
representation of the flesh and sensuality that results very quickly becomes an issue of supremacy of painting on sculpture. Table Pygmalion seeing his statue come to life attests. The comparison is done directly by adding a model and sculptured model incarnate. The arm of the statue before the bust of a philosopher frosted his incarnation and demonstrates the ability of painting to animate the body.
For Diderot, the representation of the flesh is the greatest challenge that nature is ever launched in art. That is why the sculpture is decidedly less in his eyes resembling the painting
"is that the material she uses is so cold, if refractory, so impenetrable, but most importantly, c ' is that the main difficulty of imitation is the secret to abolish this area hard and cold, to make the flesh soft and flabby. "Show 1765.
The advent of sensuality and the desire to touch the viewer positions the painting as capable of transmitting the sensuality and the warming of a body in sculpture remains, even if it is accessible to the hand, cold.
The sculpture is still the basic representation of the body, but the painter is a sensuality than the sculptor. The body design remains fundamentally sculptural but treatment color allows it to be embodied
Sylvie fleeing wounded wolf Francois Boucher reflects a diversion of the sculpture for an immediate perception of the painting. While touch does not disappear in the evocation and the material quality of the work, the advent of the unique perspective of painting led to greater demand for sculpture. By observing the boning applied by Francois Boucher in building the body of Sylvie, we understand a principle of "cut and paste" sculptural elements. The right leg Sylvie consists almost to its base torso. The rotation is located in the left leg committed but also the entire upper body seems to evoke the ancient sculpture of the discus thrower. What is surprising is that Sylvia would run, when in fact it turns on itself. By this movement, Francois Boucher seems provide a single body rotation around the sculpture. The primacy of the unique perspective leads the artist has not evoke a physical move but a mental shift. The body in addition to being embodied in painting is reflected spatially deployed in all its facets. While the relationship between painting and sculpture played for a beauty from nature, painting emancipated and claims beyond the color of the ability to generate a point of view better and more encompassing construction of the body.
Concerned about the impact on the viewer, the debates in the eighteenth century suggest a polarity: sculpture, touch, drawing and ancient on the one hand, painting the view, the modern colors and the another. This split due to Roger de Piles had a profound and sustained critical discourse that will develop later. While the academic structure was built on dialogue and a reference of sculpture and painting, in its evocation of modern sensory fundamentally separates the two media.
The neoclassical reconsider this exchange and influence of sculpture and painting. In view of the forum tonight, Josephine Louis Buckwheat Belmont figure if an artist who has a bite block remains a bas-relief still in place on the frieze. This culture is proud of its link to classical antiquity and its ability to integrate it into the paint.
With the Romantics, strengthens the principle of expressive works. This offers a significant share of the emancipation of painting and sculpture through their own characteristics. Where the artist breaks his subject into a patchwork of color perfectly playing a convening of the eye and then the body, the sculptor has instead a set of effects where the dynamics is both visually but also physically returned. And the dynamic color of Eugene Delacroix we can propose the dynamics of these small sculptures Sirocco or else this rider caught in a circular motion which seemed to bend his horse and himself.
The relationship between sculpture and painting, so emancipated from any hierarchy. The sculptor as a painter thinks on the character of his art to offer a more formal structure and expressive. We find this illustrated in the Balzac of Rodin drape. The masses and volumes of tissue surrounding the massive body of the writer gives it an energy all symbolic. Comparing this to the portrait sculpture of the author by Boulanger, we see how the two artists offer an answer to be plastically are sculptural pictorial to the issue of representing the nature of the topic simply by the specific vocabulary. At the key and the brush strokes match baker volumes and projections of the sculpture of Rodin.
the twentieth century, sculpture and painting have become two objects that question the same principle of using a vocabulary material for expression of feelings. Last week we analyzed by touching the two sculptures of the early 60s by Olivier Debre. This week we'll stop briefly on the sculpture by American artist Alexander Calder. The mobile is a material response to immobility usual sculpture. For his leadership and his movement, the work is simply an object around which it spins but really something that comes alive in front of us. Balance and imbalance of his sculptures on the possibility of playing on a perceived immediate and significant shared space where time and sensory immediately convened. If the large canvases by Olivier Debre are an invitation to some introspection by the physical entrapment of the body to the surface of the table, the mobile by Alexander Calder is a more physical confrontation with the work and materials. Surprisingly five centuries after the establishment of a dialogue between a more mental work, painting, and more physical work, sculpture, we understand that despite, tracking and reporting emancipated, sculpture and painting n ' in less retains this fundamental difference between mental and physical.
In this issue dedicated to space weather and the senses, this dialogue and the relationship between painting and sculpture will design a work based on how more and more accessible material, paint demonstrates its superiority in this mental and sensory projection to convene. So by the description and the movement of light on the surface of the work that are generated feelings that the artist can express. That's when the look and description is partly the work. Space and time are consecutive sensoriality.
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